New devices, so-called electronic noses, have been described as both a cost-effective and a timesaving substitute for the determination of shelf life, food quality and origin.
Biofilms represent, at best, a persistent harborage for native microbes and, at worst, a source of ongoing contamination (and recontamination) with human pathogens.
The final Preventive Controls for Animal Food rule was established to build an animal food safety system that applies science- and risk-based preventive controls across all sectors of the animal food system.